Process and device for producing permanent waves in the hair



June 1 1926. 1,586,663

R. EICHENBERGER PROCESS- AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING PERMANENT WAVES IN THE HAIR Filed Dec. ll 1925 ratented June 1, 1926.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

BUDOLF EIGHENBEBGER, ZURICH, SWITZERLAND.

PROCESS AND DEVICE FOR PBODUQING PERMANENT WAVES IN THE HAIR.

Application fled December 11, 1925 Serial No.

It is already known to curl the hair by the action of the heat of electrically heated curling sticks, i. e; by interior heating. These devices are, however, not suitable-for producing the socalled permanent waves facon Marcel, as the latter require a simultaneous steaming and heating of the hair. The production, of permanent waves per se is not novel, it has heretofore been proposed to produce these waves by means of an impracticable heater, which exteriorly surrounded the strand of hair wound spi rally around a :blank stick and wrapped by a piece of flannel saturated with a liquid.

According to the present process the permanent waves are produced with the aid of an electrically heated winding stick by covering the internally heated winding stick atfirst with a layer adapted to be saturated with a liquid and to prevent an over-heating of the hair, whereupon the layer is saturated and a strand of hair is wound cross-Wise (in the shape of an 8) on this layer and the wound strand of hair is covered by a layer of material that is impervious to moisture so that when the electric current is supplied the electric heating causes the liquid contained in the first layer to evaporate and the vapours are prevented to escape by the secondlayer and are caused to act on the strand of hair during a prolonged period. 1

The accompanying drawings serve to explain the process and the device according to the present invention. In the drawings:

Fig. 1 shows in a longitudinal section a constructional example of the winding stick,

Fig. 2 is a view of thewinding stick drawn to a smaller scale,

Fig. 3 shows the stick wrapped in a first layer adapted to be readily saturated,

Fig. 4 shows the wrapped stick on which a strand of hair is being wound cross-wise,

Fi 5 shows the wrapped stick onto whic a strand of hair has been wound covered by a layerof material that is impervious to moisture,

Fig. 6 shows the product of Fig. 5 wrapped in a second layer that is impervious to moisture and retains the vapors, and means provided to heat the whole,

Fig. 7 shows in a smaller scale one of the layers applied according to Figs. 5 and 6 developed in a plane,

Fig. 8 shows a plait of hair on which per- 74,878, and in Switzerland December 12, 1924.

manent waves have been produced by the present process, and

Fig. 9 shows diagrammatically crosswindings. The winding stick comprises a core 1 of insulating material, 'for instance of porcelain, around which the heating wire 2 is wound so that the ends of the wire 2 are situated at the ends of the core 1 made'of porcelain or of another heat resisting insulating material and are connected to pins 3 cooperating with connecting plu s 4. The featuiethat the wire passes on ly in one direction through the stick and does not return to the same end permits to produce a thin stick. Around the wound wire 3 a layer 5 of an insulating material, for instance of mica, is arranged and the whole s inserted in a metal sleeve 6, provided at 1ts ends with insulating plugs 7 cemented to it, the connecting plugs 3 passing through said insulating plugs 7. In this manner a thin winding stick may be obtained.

In order to produce permanent waves with the stick the latter is at first covered by a damp layer 8, for instance a piece of flannel wrapped around the stick as is shown in Fig. 3, and saturated with a liquid, thereupon a strand of hair 9 is cross-wise wound upon the stick in the manner diagrammaticall illustrated in Fig. 9 so that the parts of t e strand cross each other at 10 (Fig. 4.).

The first layer 8 serves not only the purpose of taking up i. e. liquid to be saturated with liquid but it also acts as a heat insulator for the hair as the stick gets hot and the hair might otherwise be singed. Thereupon a cover 11 of parchment paper is wrapped around the product according to Fig. 4, the paper being provided with notches 12 to permit it being placed in position, and taking into account that the part 13 of the strand of hair is fixed to the head. This cover forms a layer which is impervious to moisture so that the vapors which are formed later on by the heatin action are retained to act upon the hair uring a certain time. Around the layer 11 another layer 14 of a material that is impervious to moisture and that retains vapours, for instance a layer of a pliable metal foil, is wrapped. Experiments have shown that the wrapper of parchment paper may also be omitted. Thereafter the conduits 15 fixed to the contact plugs 4 are connected to a current supply and the permanent waves shown in Fig. 8 are obtained by the combined action of the warm dampness and of the heat.

The saturation of the wrapper 8 may be effected with any impregnating liquid.

I claim:

1. A process for producing permanent waves in the hair by utilizing an electrically heatable winding stick which comprises covering the winding stick with a layer adapted to be saturated with a liquid and to prevent an overheating, saturating said layer with a liquid, cross-winding a strand of hair on said saturated layer, covering said crosswound strand of hair with a layer of a material that is impervious to moisture, wrapping a metal foil upon said last mentioned layer, and electrically heating said winding stick. whereby the liquid contained in the first layer evaporates and the vapors are retained for a prolonged time to act on the hair.

2. A device for producing permanent waves in the hair, comprisin a thin smooth winding stick, means to ele rically and internal] y heat said winding stick, a first layer of a hygroscopic and heat insulating material covering said winding stick, and a second layer of a material that is impervious to moisture coveringa strand of hair wound cross-wise upon said first layer.

8. A device for producing permanent waves in the hair, comprising a thin smooth winding stick, means to electrically and internally heat said winding stick, a first layer of a hygroscopic and heat insulating material covering said winding stick, a second layer of a material that is impervious to moisture covering a strand of hair wound cross-wise upon said first layer, and a third layer of a metal foil covering said second layer.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification.

RUDOLF EICHENBERGER. 

